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| HIV Replication 3D Animation |
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it is a very excellent animation which
explains the hiv replication very clearly.
For free download of this video please visit
my webpage
http://rufusrajadurai.wetpaint.com/page/Downl
oad
And other 3D animation videos visit
http://rufusrajadurai.wetpaint.com/page/3D+Me
dical+Animation+Library
Regards,
Dr.Rufus
The Lyrics of this video is here
Targeting HIV replication
The replication of HIV 1 is a multi-stage
process.
Each step is crucial to successful
replication and is therefore a potential
target of antiretroviral drugs.
Step one is the infection of a suitable
host-cell, such as a CD4-positive
T-lymphocyte.
Entry of HIV into the cell requires the
presence of certain receptors on the cell
surface, CD4 -- receptors and co-receptors
such as CCR5 or CXCR4.
These receptors interact with
protein-complexes, which are embedded in the
viral envelope.
These complexes are composed of two
glycoproteins:
an extracellular gp 120 and
a transmembrane gp 41
When HIV approaches the target cell gp120
binds to the CD4-receptors. This process is
termed attachment.
It promotes further binding to a co-receptor.
Co-receptor binding results in a
conformational change in gp120.
This allows gp41 to unfold and insert its
hydrophobic terminus into the cell membrane.
Gp 41 then folds back on itself.
This draws the virus towards the cell and
facilitates the fusion of their membranes.
The viral nucleocapsid enters the host cell
and breaks open releasing two viral
RNA-strands and 3 essential replication
enzymes:
Integrase, Protease and Reverse
Transcriptase.
Reverse Transcriptase begins the reverse
transcription of viral RNA.
It has two catalytic domains:
The Ribonuclease-H active site
And the polymerase active site
Here single stranded viral RNA is transcribed
into an RNA-DNA double helix. Ribonuclease- H
breaks down the RNA.
The polymerase then completes the remaining
DNA-strand to form a DNA -- double helix.
Now Integrase goes into action.
It cleaves a dinucleotide from each 3-prime
end of the DNA creating two sticky ends.
Integrase then transfers the DNA into the
cell nucleus and facilitates its integration
into the host cell genome.
The host cell genome now contains the genetic
information of HIV.
Activation of the cell induces transcription
of proviral DNA into messenger RNA.
The viral messenger RNA migrates into the
cytoplasm where building blocks for a new
virus are synthesised.
Some of them have to be processed by the
viral protease.
Protease cleaves longer proteins into smaller
core proteins.
This step is crucial to create an infectious
virus.
Two viral RNA-strands and the replication
enzymes then come together and core proteins
assemble around them forming the capsid.
This immature particle leaves the cell
acquiring a new envelope of host and viral
proteins.
The virus matures and becomes ready to infect
other cells.
HIV replicates billions of times per day
destroying the hosts` immune cells and
eventually causing disease progression.
Drugs which interfere with the key steps of
viral replication can stop this fatal
process.
Entry into the host cell can be blocked by
fusion inhibitors for example.
Inhibition of reverse transcriptase by
nucleoside inhibitors or by non-nucleoside
Reverse Transcriptase- inhibitors is part of
standard antiretroviral regimens.
The action of Integrase can be blocked.
Protease inhibitors are also part of standard
antiretroviral therapy.
Each blocked step in viral replication is a
step towards better control of HIV disease.
Script, Storyboard, Art Direction by: Frank
Schauder, MD
Animation: MACKEVISION
Publicity: Dr.Rufus Rajadurai.M.D.,D.N.S.,
Tags : hiv replication medical animation |
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Affichage : 267352
Durée : 313 s |
| Did I Just Contract HIV? Symptoms of Primary HIV Infection |
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It's sometimes possible to recognize when
you've recently contracted HIV from signs and
symptoms such as fever, rash, or swollen
lymph nodes. This video will teach you how to
recognize signs and symptoms of primary HIV
infection that are experienced by between 40
and 90% of individuals after they are first
infected with HIV. Primary HIV infection
occurs during the first few weeks or months
after a person first becomes infected with
HIV. Symptoms include rash and/or fevers,
possibly in combination with one or more of
the following symptoms: malaise (which is a
general feeling of weakness, discomfort, and
fatigue), loss of appetite, weight loss, a
sore throat, sores in the mouth, joint or
muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea,
fatigue, night sweats, nausea and vomiting,
headache, or genital sores. The symptoms
usually last from seven to ten days, and
rarely more than two weeks. There is an
incubation period of a few days to a few
weeks between when the person was exposed to
HIV and when the symptoms begin. If you have
any of these symptoms and think there's even
the slightest chance you might have been
exposed to HIV, such as through recent sexual
activity or sharing a needle, even with
someone who you believe is HIV negative, you
should see a doctor and ask to be tested for
HIV. When you go to the doctor with any of
these symptoms, it's very important to
mention any risk factors you may have for HIV
so they could test you. If you have ever had
unprotected sex, even once, have used
injection drugs, or think you might be
experiencing primary HIV infection, make sure
to tell your doctor. Visit
http://www.GlobalLifeworks.org and
http://AIDSvideos.org to learn more. [Do you
want to help prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS?
Are you fluent in a language other than
English? Then volunteer to translate this
video into another language! Click
http://AIDSvideos.org/translate.shtml to to
learn how you can help!!!]
Tags : hiv aids primary infection symptoms test fever rash lymph nodes fatigue nausea vomiting sore throat mouth genital joint |
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Affichage : 139854
Durée : 289 s |
| The Top Ten Myths About HIV/AIDS |
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Becky Kuhn, M.D., co-founder of Global
Lifeworks, debunks the following 10 myths
about HIV: HIV doesn't cause AIDS; because of
ARV medications, we no longer need to be
concerned about HIV/AIDS; if you have HIV and
are sexually active, you no longer need to
practice safer sex; you can't contract HIV
through oral sex; you can't get HIV from one
sexual encounter; a woman cannot spread HIV
to another woman by having sex with her; if
you are HIV positive but your viral load is
undetectable, you cannot spread HIV; AIDS can
be spread by kissing, hugging, or shaking
hands; if you have HIV, you can cure it by
having sex with a virgin; every individual
with HIV will eventually develop AIDS. This
video refutes misinformation from the "Lee
Evans HIV Tests" video. Visit
http://www.GlobalLifeworks.org and
http://AIDSvideos.org to learn more. [Do you
want to help prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS?
Are you fluent in a language other than
English? Then volunteer to translate a video
into another language! Click
http://AIDSvideos.org/translate.shtml to
learn how you can help!!!]
Tags : HIV AIDS prevention myths antiretroviral abstinence faithful condom virus education care orphan charity safer sex |
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Affichage : 132337
Durée : 534 s |
| Introduction to HIV/AIDS: What You Need to Know |
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Becky Kuhn, M.D., co-founder of Global
Lifeworks, covers critical basic information
about HIV and AIDS. HIV is a virus that
causes the disease AIDS, which can be fatal.
There are treatments but no cure. HIV is
spread by contact between body fluids (blood,
semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk) and
mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth, and
genitals). It is spread by sexual contact,
injection drugs users sharing needles, from
mother to child during childbirth or nursing,
and (early on during the epidemic) by
receiving blood transfusions. You can reduce
your risk by abstaining from sex before
marriage, being faithful to a single partner
and using a condom and/or dental dam if you
are sexually active, and by never injecting
drugs or by never sharing needles if you do.
It can take up to six months after exposure
to HIV for a person to test HIV positive;
even before they test HIV postive, the
infected person can spread the disease to
others. A doctor can prescribe antiretroviral
(ARV) drugs to prevent HIV from progressing
to clinical AIDS. It is critical to take
every ARV dose on schedule to avoid
developing a resistant strain of HIV. If a
person is HIV positive, they still need to
practice safer sex to avoid spreading HIV to
others and to avoid contracting a different,
resistant strain of HIV. This video refutes
misinformation from the "Lee Evans HIV Tests"
video. Visit http://www.AIDSvideos.org to
learn more about Dr. Kuhn's outreach. Visit
http://www.GlobalLifeworks.org and
http://AIDSvideos.org to learn more. [Do you
want to help prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS?
Are you fluent in a language other than
English? Then volunteer to translate this
video into another language! Click
http://AIDSvideos.org/translate.shtml to
learn how you can help!!!]
Tags : HIV AIDS prevention antiretroviral abstinence faithful condom virus education care orphan charity |
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Affichage : 24505
Durée : 1014 s |
| HIV 101 |
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Basic info on HIV and AIDS.
Tags : HIV AIDS |
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Affichage : 31849
Durée : 633 s |
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